ISSN 1006-298X      CN 32-1425/R

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 329-334.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-298X.2025.04.005

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

外周切割球囊治疗自体动静脉内瘘吻合口狭窄的疗效

  

  • 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-08-28

Peripheral cutting balloon in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula anastomotic stenosis

  • Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-08-28

摘要: 目的:评估外周切割球囊(PCB)治疗动静脉内瘘(AVF)吻合口区域狭窄的有效性和安全性,以期优化治疗方案。
方法:本研究是一项单中心、回顾性的观察研究,连续纳入 2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 3 月于北京大学第三医院海淀院区肾内科因 AVF 吻合口狭窄并接受 PCB 进行经皮腔内血管成形术治疗的患者 69 例,收集临床资料及术后相关随访资料,统计术后 6 个月、12 个月的通畅率,并据此分析影响 PCB 术后通畅的相关危险因素。
结果:共纳入 69 例患者,PCB 血管成形术的技术成功率为 97.14%,临床成功率为 100%。Kaplan-Meier 生存分析结果显示,在 PCB 治疗后的 6 个月内发生再狭窄 6 例,初级通畅率为 91.3%;12 个月内发生再狭窄 18 例,初级通畅率为 71.4%。6 个月、12 个月的次级通畅率均为 100%。12 个月的 Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线提示,狭窄部位为吻合口动脉侧的通畅率更高(Log-rank χ²=19.98,P<0.001)、病变长度 < 2 cm(Log-rank χ²=10.13,P=0.001)的通畅率更高。COX 多因素回归分析显示,狭窄部位为吻合口动脉侧 [HR 0.081 (0.015,0.430),P=0.003]、病变长度 < 2 cm [HR 0.235 (0.062,0.893),P=0.034]、术前最窄处内径 [HR 4.060 (1.160,14.300),P=0.029]、血红蛋白 [HR 11.00 (1.960,62.100),P=0.007]、血小板 [HR 3.270 (1.070,9.970),P=0.037] 是影响切割球囊治疗吻合口狭窄后通畅率的主要危险因素。
结论:PCB 血管成形术是治疗 AVF 吻合口狭窄的有效方法,即刻成功率高,长期通畅率好,安全可靠。术前血管狭窄部位及长度、术前最窄内径、血红蛋白、血小板是影响其通畅率的独立危险因素。

关键词: font-family:Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ", font-size:16px, background-color:#F9FAFB, ">血管通路, 外周切割球囊, 自体动静脉内瘘, 吻合口狭窄

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peripheral cutting balloon (PCB) in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) anastomotic area stenosis.
Methodology: A single-center, retrospective observational study. 69 patients received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) treatment due to intra-arteriovenous fistula stenosis received at the renal Department of Haidian Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023. Clinical data and postoperative follow-up data were collected, and the patency rate of 6 and 12 months after surgery was calculated, and the related risk factors affecting the patency after PCB surgery were analyzed accordingly.
Results: A total of 69 patients were included, and the technical success rate after PCB operation was 97.14%, and the clinical success rate was 100%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 6 cases of restenosis occurred within 6 months after PCB treatment, and the primary patency rate was 91.3%. Restenosis occurred in 18 cases within 12 months, and the primary patency rate was 71.4%. The secondary patency rate at 6 months and 12 months was 100%. The 12-month Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the patency rate of the anastomotic artery was higher (Log-rank χ²=19.98, P<0.001), and the patency rate of the lesion length less than 2 cm was higher (Log-rank χ²=10.13, P=0.001). COX multivariate regression analysis showed that: The stenosis of the anastomotic artery [HR 0.081 (0.015,0.430), P=0.003], the length of the lesion less than 2cm [HR 0.235 (0.062,0.893), P=0.034], preoperative narrowest inner diameter [HR 4.060 (1.160,14.300), P=0.029], hemoglobin [HR 11.000 (1.960,62.100), P=0.007] and platelet [HR 3.270 (1.070,9.970), P=0.037] are the main risk factors affecting the stenosis clearance rate of the anastomotic area in the cutting balloon treatment.
Conclusion: PCB angioplasty is an effective method for the treatment of AVF anastomotic stenosis, with high immediate success rate, good long-term patency rate, safe and reliable. Has a high success rate and reliable patency. The results of COX multivariate analysis can be understood as independent risk factors, adding preoperative vascular stenosis site, length, preoperative narrowest inner diameter, hemoglobin, platelet.

Key words: font-family:Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ", font-size:16px, background-color:#F9FAFB, ">vascular access, peripheral cutting balloon, arteriovenous fistula, anastomotic stenosis