ISSN 1006-298X      CN 32-1425/R

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 1-7.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-298X.2025.01.001

• 论著 •    下一篇

奥妥珠单抗治疗难治及高危磷脂酶A2受体相关膜性肾病的疗效观察

  

  • 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-03-15

Obinutuzumab  in   treatment   of   high   risk   or   refractory   phospholipase   A2   receptor   associated   membranous nephropathy

  • Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-15

摘要: 目的:回顾性观察奥妥珠单抗(OBZ)治疗难治及高危磷脂酶 A2 受体(PLA2R)相关膜性肾病(MN)的疗效和安全性。 方法:分析 2022 年 9 月至 2023 年 12 月于国家肾脏疾病临床医学研究中心接受 OBZ 治疗的PLA2R 相关 MN 患者的临床病理、随访资料。  高危的定义依据全球改善肾脏预后组织(KDIGO)指南及专家共识。难治性 MN 定义为患者接受激素联合免疫抑制剂如钙调神经蛋白抑制剂、环磷酰胺或利妥昔单抗治疗半年以上未获得蛋白尿缓解(尿蛋白下降<50%且>3.5 g/24h)。      结果:本研究纳入 72 例 PLA2R 相关 MN 患者,其中 56 例为难治,16 例为未接受免疫抑制治疗的高危患者。 基线尿蛋白定量为 10.2 g/24h。 第 12 月时 70 例(97%)患者达到缓解,达到缓解的中位时间为 3(3~ 6)月。 其中 24 例(33%)获得完全缓解(CR)。 高危、难治患者第 12 个月缓解率分别为 100%、96%,CR 率分别为 56%、27%。 高危患者 CR 率显著高于难治患者(HR = 2.497,95% CI 1.041 ~ 5.989)。 6 周起尿蛋白显著下降,血清白蛋白、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)显著升高。 所有患者前 3 个月均维持B 细胞耗竭,B 细胞重建(CD20≥5 个/ μL)的中位时间为 9(8 ~ 12)月。  67 例患者基线抗 PLA2R 抗体(aPLA2Rab)≥14 RU/mL,6 月、12 月免疫学完全缓解率(aPLA2Rab< 2  RU/mL)分别为 87%、99%。  轻中度输液反应发生率 28%,2 例(2.8%)患者出现肺部感染,无患者死亡或进展为终末期肾病。   结论:OBZ 治疗高危及难治 PLA2R 相关 MN 均安全、有效。 B 细胞耗竭时间长,免疫学缓解率高,临床缓解快,值得进一步开展大规模、前瞻性研究。

关键词: 膜性肾病, 奥妥珠单抗, 磷脂酶 A2 受体, 高危, 难治

Abstract: Objective:To  investigate  to  the  efficacy  and  safety  of  obinutuzumab  in  the  treatment  of  high  risk  or refractory phospholipase A2 receptor associated membranous nephropathy.    Methodology:Patients with biopsy-proven MN or serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (aPLA2Rab) titers≥14 RU/ml treated with obinutuzumab (1 g× 2) in the National Clinical  Medical  Research  Center  for  Renal  Diseases  at  Jinling  Hospital  from  September  2022  to  December 2023 were  retrospectively  analyzed.  High  risk  was  classified  according  to  kidney  disease:  Improving  Global  Outcomes guideline and expert recommendation. Refractory disease was termed as patients received immunosuppressive agents such as cyclophosphamide,  calcineurin  inhibitors  or  Rituximab  with  or  without  steroids  for  more  than  6  months  but  have  not  yet achieved remission  (proteinuria  decline < 50%  and > 3.5  g/24h).      Results: Our  analysis  included  72  patients  (56 refractory, 16 high risk MN), baseline proteinuria was 10.2 g/24h. 70 (97%) patients achieved remission at month 12, including 24 (33%) achieved complete remission (CR). The median time to remission was 3 (3 ~ 6) months.  Remission  

rate, CR rate of high risk and refractory MN was 100% and 96%, 56% and 27% respectively. CR rate was significantly high in high-risk group than refractory group (HR = 2.497,95%CI 1.041~ 5.989). Obinutuzumab significantly reduced 24- hour proteinuria  and  increased  serum  albumin,  estimated  glomerular  filtration  rate  since  week  6.  Complete  depletion  of circulating B cell was maintained in all patients within 3 months and the median time to B cell reconstitution (CD20+ cells

≥5/μL) was  9  (8 ~ 12) months.  67  patients  presented  with  serum  aPLA2Rab≥14  RU/mL  at  baseline  and  complete immunological remission (aPLA2Rab<2 RU/mL)was achieved in 87% and 99% at month 6 and 12 respectively. Infusion- related adverse event was revealed in 28% patients and mostly mild. Pulmonary infections occurred in 2 (2.8%) patients. No patients died or progression into end stage kidney disease.    Conclusion:Obinutuzumab is a promising treatment option for both high risk and refractory  membranous  nephropathy, charactered  by  long  duration  of  B  cell  depletion, high  rate  of clinical and immunological remission. Large prospective studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.

Key words: membranous nephropathy, Obinutuzumab, phospholipase A2 receptor, high risk , refractory