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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 432-436.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

肾病重症监护病房脓毒症急性肾损伤患者的临床特征及转归

  

  • 出版日期:2014-10-28 发布日期:2014-11-03

Clinical characteristics and renal prognosis of acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis

  • Online:2014-10-28 Published:2014-11-03

摘要:

摘 要 目的:分析肾脏病监护病房(ICU)脓毒症急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床特征及肾功能转归。方法:回顾性分析2009年7月~2013年1月收住南京军区南京总医院全军肾脏病研究所ICU病房患者的临床资料。根据转出ICU时病情,将脓毒症AKI患者分为3组:组Ⅰ(死亡)、组Ⅱ(肾功能无改善)和组Ⅲ(肾功能改善),比较3组患者进入ICU时临床特征及ICU治疗过程的差异,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析肾功能转归相关因素。结果:1425例患者发生AKI 321例(22.5%),其中脓毒症AKI 32例,占AKI 总数9.9%,占全部患者2.2%。32例脓毒症AKI男性17例(53.1%),女性15例(46.9%);年龄47.4±18.9岁(18-78岁);基础血肌酐(Scr)水平1.04±0.48mg/dl;21例(65.6%)有CKD病史且近期接受免疫抑制治疗,19例(59.3%)感染源自肺部。转入ICU 后AKI 分期1期4例(12.5%)、2期14例(43.7%)、3期14例(43.7%),合并脓毒性休克15例(46.8%),接受连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)26例(81.2%),CRRT时程77.5±58.5h(12-230h),ICU住院天数12.6d(2-63d)。转出ICU时组Ⅰ5例(14.2%),组Ⅱ 9例(29.6%),组Ⅲ 18例(56.2%)。3组患者转入ICU时体质量指数(BMI)、多器官功能不全评分(MODS)、合并休克例数、气管插管例数、血液白细胞计数(WBC)、肌酐(Scr)、尿素(BUN)、IgM及乳酸(Lac)水平的差异均有统计学意义;ICU期间CRRT持续时程、CRRT液体负荷(出超量与体质量比值)、补充胶体病例数、应用血管活性药物病例数、联合应用抗生素种类的差异均有统计学意义;多因素Logistic回归分析显示脓毒症AKI患者肾功能转归的相关因素有MODS、Lac水平和CRRT持续时程。结论:肾脏病ICU病房脓毒症AKI发生率2.2%,合并CKD病史且近期接受免疫抑制治疗患者发病风险高;主要感染途径为肺部;多器官受累、Lac水平和CRRT时程与预后相关,而尿蛋白、尿沉渣红细胞计数及肾功能状态均与预后无关。

关键词: 肾脏病监护病房, 脓毒症, 急性肾损伤, 预后

Abstract:

[Abstact] Objective: To investigate clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis in a renal intensive care unit (RICU). Methodology: Three hundred twenty one patients were diagnosed as AKI and admitted to the RICU from July 2009 to January 2013. Among them, 32 cases with sepsis were enrolled this retrospective study. According to the clinical outcomes when they were discharged from RICU, they were divided into 3 groups: group I (n=5) was death, group II (n=9) was no improvement of renal function, and group III (n=18) was renal function improvement. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were investigated. Results: 32 cases with sepsis were accupied 9.5% in a total of AKI patients in our RICU. They were 17 male and 15 female with the mean age of 47.4±18.9 years old. There were 21 cases with pre-existing CKD and receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 19 with respiratory tract infections, 14 with stage 3 AKI and 15 cases with septic shock on arrival at RICU. The renal replacement therapy was required in a total of 26 patients with AKI. There were 5 patients were dying (groupⅠ), and improvement of renal function were in 18 patients (group Ⅱ), and rest patients were group Ⅲ. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical outcomes were associated with the multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS), lactate levels and length of CRRT. Conclusion The proportions of patients in RICU who developed with septic AKI were relatively rare. The prevalence of pre-existing CKD and receiving immunosuppressive therapy was significantly higher in septic AKI patients. Primary infection foci were respiratory tract. Clinical outcomes were significantly associated with multiple organ dysfunction, lactate levels and length of CRRT.