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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 210-216.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

IgA肾病及糖尿病肾病患者心血管疾病患病率及其危险因素分析

  

  • 出版日期:2012-06-28 发布日期:2012-06-25

Prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy

  • Online:2012-06-28 Published:2012-06-25

摘要:

摘 要  目的:了解IgA肾病(IgAN)及糖尿病肾病(DN)慢性肾脏病(CKD)2~5期患者心血管疾病(CVD)患病情况,并通过对常见CVD危险因素的分析,为临床寻找这两类常见肾脏病患者CVD的预测指标并减少其发生提供依据。  方法:对2009年10月至2011年10月我院肾脏科住院及门诊随访所有经肾活检确诊为IgAN及DN资料完整的患者收集病史及实验室检查结果。  结果:IgAN患者共181例,DN患者共199例,IgAN组患者显著较DN组年轻,高血压发生率、体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血胆固醇(TC)明显较DN组低。IgAN CKD2~5期患者CVD患病率分别为8.7%,7.7%,17.2%,44.4%,总CVD患病率为19.9%,其中冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患病率为0.6%,左心室肥厚(LVH)为14.9%,充血性心力衰竭(CHF)为5.6%。CKD2~5期患者CVD患病率分别为29.6%,40.0%,45.2%,72.7%,总CVD患病率为43.7%,其中CAD患病率为16.1%, LVH为33.2%,CHF为8.5%。DN CKD各期患者CVD患病率均显著高于IgAN患者(CKD2期为29.6%vs8.7%,P=0.004,CKD3期为40.0% vs7.7%,P<0.001,CKD4期为45.2% vs17.2%,P =0.021,CKD5期为72.7% vs44.4%,P =0.014)。DN患者CAD,LVH发生率均明显高于IgA肾病(CAD16.1% vs0.6%,P <0.001,LVH 33.2% vs14.7%,P <0.001)。IgAN及DN CKD5期患者CVD患病率均较CKD2~4期均明显升高。IgAN CVD组患者高血压发生率、SCr及血磷水平明显高于非CVD组患者,Hb水平明显低于非CVD患者。DN CVD组患者吸烟率、高血压发生率、血清肌酐(SCr)及TC水平明显高于非CVD组患者。多因素回归分析提示IgAN患者并发LVH的独立危险因素是SCr及Hb(OR值分别为1.22,P=0.0422;0.67,P=0.0097),而DN患者并发LVH的独立危险因素是SCr及BMI(OR值分别为1.77,P=0.0002;1.36,P=0.0103),并发CAD的独立危险因素是吸烟、SCr及血LDL水平升高(OR值分别为2.96,P=0.041;1.45,P=0.0009;6.93,P=0.0102)。  结论:DN CKD各期患者CVD患病率均高于IgAN患者,两组患者的CVD均以LVH最为常见但DN组CAD,LVH发生率均明显高于IgAN,其中CAD患病率升高尤为显著,提示可能与DN患者CVD死亡率高有关。两组CKD5期患者CVD患病率均迅速升高,提示CKD患者CVD防治应及早进行。IgAN患者CVD发病可能与肾脏病相关危险因素更为密切,而糖尿病合并多种代谢异常等非肾脏病相关危险因素可能对DN CVD发病影响更大。

关键词:  , IgA肾病 , 糖尿病肾病 , 心血管疾病 , 患病率 , 危险因素

Abstract:

ABSTRACT  Objective: To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with CKD stage 2~5. Methodology: One hundred eighty one patients with biopsy-proven IgAN and one hundred ninety nine patients with biopsy-proven DN, who were hospitalized or followed in our Nephrology Department, were surveyed by collecting the history and laboratory data. Results: The prevalence of CVD in IgAN patients with CKD stage2~5 were 8.7%, 7.7%, 17.2% and 44.4% respectively, while the prevalence of CVD in DN patients with CKD stage 2~5 were 29.6%, 40.0%, 45.2% and 72.7% respectively. The prevalence of CVD in the each CKD stage patients with DN were significantly increased compared with that in the patients with IgAN (CKD stage 2 29.6% vs 8.7%, P<0.01, CKD stage 3 40.0% vs7.7%, P<0.01, CKD stage 4 45.2% vs 17.2%, P<0.05, CKD stage 5 72.7% vs 44.4%, P<0.05). The total prevalence of CAD and LVH in the patients with DN were markedly elevated as compared with that in the patients with IgAN, and the difference in CAD between two diseases was the most significant (CAD 16.1% vs 0.6%,P<0.01,LVH 33.2% vs 14.7%,P<0.01). The prevalence of CVD in the patients of both diseases with CKD stage 5 was remarkably higher than that in the patients with CKD stage 2~4. In the patients with IgAN, the incidence of hypertension, the levels of SCr and serum phosphate in patients with CVD were significantly elevated and the level of Hb was decreased as compared with that in the patients without CVD. In the patients with DN, the incidence of smoking history, hypertension, the levels of SCr and TC in patients with CVD were significantly increased as compared with that in the patients without CVD. Logistic regression analysis showed that SCr and Hb were the risk factors for LVH in the patients with IgAN (OR values were 1.22,P<0.05 and 0.67,P<0.01), SCr and BMI were the risk factors for LVH in the patients with DN (OR values were 1.77,P<0.01;1.36,P<0.05), and smoking history, SCr and LDL were the risk factors for CAD in the patients with DN (OR values were 2.96, P<0.05; 1.45, P<0.01; 6.93, P<0.05 respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD in the each CKD stage patients with DN was higher than that in patients with IgAN, and LVH was the commonest manifestation of CVD in the patients with both diseases. The prevalence of CAD and LVH in the patients with DN was higher than that in the patients with IgAN, which suggest the correlation with higher CVD mortality in the patients with DN. The prevalence of CVD in the patients of both diseases with CKD stage 5 was remarkably increasing, indicating the early intervention in CKD patients is necessary.

Key words: IgA nephropathy , diabetic nephropathy , cardiovascular disease , prevalence , risk factors