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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 324-329.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高截留量透析治疗多发性骨髓瘤:个案报道

  

  • 出版日期:2012-08-28 发布日期:2012-09-03

Endotoxemia after high cutoff hemodialysis for treatment of patient with multiple myeloma can be prevented by using ultrapure dialysate: a case report

  • Online:2012-08-28 Published:2012-09-03

摘要:

摘 要 目的:报道一例多发性骨髓瘤合并管型肾病在化疗基础上采用高截留量透析清除血清游离轻链出现高内毒素血症的病例。 方法:一例52岁女性患者,因“进行性血肌酐升高,伴血、尿游离轻链(FLC)λ升高1月”,经骨髓细胞学检查及结合临床诊断为多发性骨髓瘤合并管型肾病。患者在接受VAD方案化疗同时,3周内予高截留量透析治疗(HCO2100透析器,HCO-HD)6次。前3次采用普通透析液,后3次采用超纯净透析液。治疗前后及治疗中监测血液及透析液废液中FLC变化,同时测定血液、透析液内毒素水平。 结果:患者血清FLCλ水平从治疗前4689mg/L降到492.7mg/L,血清肌酐水平有下降趋势。患者采用普通透析液行HCO-HD时,透析液内毒素水平0.112~0.145EU/ml,透析后患者出现体温升高,最高达38.5°C,第3次血液内毒素水平从透析前<0.03EU/ml升高至透析后0.122EU/ml;第4次后改为超纯净透析液透析,透析液内毒素水平0.03EU/ml,透析后体温正常,第4次透析后血液内毒素水平无升高。透析液流量500ml/min时,FLCλ清除率38.4ml/min,单次下降率71.0%~85.2%,单次清除量9.06~18.02g;透析液流量200ml/min时FLCλ清除率、单次下降率及单次清除量明显低于前者。 结论:在合适化疗基础上,高截留量透析可有效清除并降低血清游离轻链水平,其清除效率受透析液流量影响较大。需注意透析后高内毒素血症及体温升高的问题,采用超纯净透析液可避免。

关键词: 管型肾病  , 游离轻链  , 高截留量透析  , 内毒素

Abstract:

ABSTRACT  Objective: to report a case developed hyperendotoxemia after high cutoff hemodialysis for treatment of cast nephropathy due to multiple myeloma.  Methodology: A female aged 52 was admitted due to “progressive renal dysrenfunction, accompanied by increase of free light chain (FLC) λ levels in blood and urine” with a diagnosis as multiple myeloma and cast nephropathy. After initiation of chemotherapy based on VAD protocol, she received 6 times high cufoff hemodialysis (HCO 2100 dialyzer, HCO-HD) within 3 weeks. For the first 3 times HCO-HD, a conventional dialysate was used; while for the rest 3 times HCO-HD, an ultrapure dialysate was used. The levels of FLC λ and endotoxin in blood and dialysate were monitored before and after treatment.  Results: After 6 times HCO-HD and chemotherapy, her serum levels of FLCλ were decreased from 4689 to 493mg/L, with a tendency of declining serum creatinine. The endotoxin concentration in conventional dialysate was around 0.112~0.145EU/ml, with which HCO-HD resulted in a rise of the patient’s temperature even up to 38.5°C after treatment. A high concentration of endotoxin in blood (0.122EU/ml) was found in the 3rd time of HCO-HD. After changing to an ultrapure dialysate, which containing endotoxin 0.03EU/ml, no rise of the patient’s temperature and endotoxin level in blood was found after HCO-HD. During HCO-HD with a dialysate flow rate 500ml/min, the clearance rate, reduction ratio, and removal amount of FLC λ was 38.4ml/min, 71.0%~85.2%, and 9.06~18.02g, respectively; but during HCO-HD with dialysate flow rate 200ml/min, the removal efficacy of FLC λ was obviously lower than that of the former.  Conclusions: Combined with appropriate chemotherapy, high cutoff hemodialysis can effectively remove and reduce blood free light chain. Its efficacy is greatly affected by dialysate flow rate. We should note the endotoxemia and rise of temperature after treatment, which can be prevented by using ultrapure dialysate. 

Key words: cast nephropathy  , free light chain  , high cutoff hemodialysis  , endotoxin