Abstract: MicroRNA (miRNA),as an epigenetic regulator of posttranscriptional target gene expression,mainly regulates endogenous molecules by targeting target genes to change molecular protein or gene structure,and plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis,inflammation,oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,which can delay the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI)  to chronic renal disease.Mitochondria are the main organelles that supply energy to cells.A series of pathophysiological changes after AKI are undoubtedly an important mechanism to promote the development of AKI.This article reviews the relationship between miRNA and  pathogenesis and treatment of AKI,focusing on the possible mechanism that miRNA further mediates the development of AKI by affecting mitochondrial function.