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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 513-518.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

伴肾病综合征II型狼疮性肾炎的临床病理特征

  

  • 出版日期:2012-12-28 发布日期:2012-12-31

Class II Lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome

  • Online:2012-12-28 Published:2012-12-31

摘要:

摘要  目的:回顾性分析临床表现肾病综合征(NS)的II型狼疮性肾炎(LN)患者的临床特点、病理特征和预后。方法:124例(女性112例,男性12例,平均年龄29.22±11.4岁)肾活检病理确诊为II型LN患者,根据尿蛋白量分为NS组(尿蛋白≥3g/d,血清白蛋白<30g/l)和非NS组(尿蛋白<3g/d, 血清白蛋白≥30g/l,伴或不伴有镜下血尿)。肾小球系膜增生程度分为正常及轻、中、重度。广泛足突融合定义为肾小球足细胞足突融合范围>50%。比较两组LN患者的临床、免疫学指标、肾脏病理特征及预后。结果:124例II型LN中NS组27例(占21.8%),非NS组97例(占78.2%),两组性别比、发病年龄和病程无差异。NS组以肾损害为首发症状(77.8%vs15.5%,P<0.01)和急性肾损伤的比例(29.6%vs0,P<0.01)显著高于非NS组,而皮疹(40.7%vs69.1%,P<0.01)、发热(14.8%vs62.9%,P<0.01)和关节炎(29.6%vs75.3%,P<0.01)的发生率以及血清抗-dsDNA阳性率(29.6%vs52.6%,P<0.05)明显低于非NS组。肾活检病理示NS组肾小球中重度系膜增生的比例(7.4%vs59.8%,P<0.01)显著低于非NS组,电镜下足细胞足突广泛融合的比例(88.9%vs0,P<0.01)显著高于非NS组。NS组和非NS组激素治疗均获得高缓解率(100% vs 98.4%, P=0.882),但NS组复发率显著高于非NS组(69.9%vs33.3%,P=0.002),两组分别随访8-125月(中位时间55月)和6-274月(中位时间57月),均未发生终末肾衰竭。7例复发者重复肾活检,NS组2例病理类型均未转型,非NS组5例均发生转型。结论:表现为NS的II型LN其本质为足细胞病,非NSII型LN为系膜增生性病变,两者临床表现、免疫学异常及病理转型的显著差异表明两者的发生机制不同,狼疮足细胞损伤的机制有待进一步的研究。

关键词: 关键词 , 狼疮性肾炎 , 足细胞病 , 肾病综合征

Abstract:

 Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, renal histological features and the prognosis in patients of Class II LN with nephrotic syndrome. Methodology: One hundred twenty four cases(112 females,12 males,mean age 29.22±11.4 years) of LN class II were divided into nephritic syndrome group (NS, n=27) and non-NS group (n=97). The degree of mesangial proliferation was graded into normal (M0)、mild (M1)、moderate (M2) and severe (M3). Diffuse foot process effacement was defined as more than 50% of the glomerular capillary loops showing foot process effacement by EM. Clinical, immunological, pathological features and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: No significant differences in gender, onset age, LN duration, and SLE duration were found between the two groups. Compared with non-NS group, the patients with NS group had a much higher incidence of renal manifestations as the first onset symptom (77.8% vs 15.5%, P<0.01) and acute kidney injury (29.6% vs 0, P<0.01), but much lower incidence of malar rash (40.7% vs 69.1%, P<0.01), fever (14.8%vs62.9%,P<0.01), arthritis (29.6% vs 75.3%, P<0.01), hematuria (0 vs 34%,p<0.01) and serum anti-dsDNA positivity (29.6% vs 52.6%, P<0.05). In renal histology, the NS group had less severe mesangial proliferation (M2+M3: 7.4% vs 59.8%,P<0.01), but significantly higher incidence of diffuse foot process effacement (88.9% vs 0,P<0.01) than that in non-NS group. Remission rate showed no differences between the two groups (100% vs 98.4%, P>0.05), but the recurrence rate was much higher in NS group than that in non-NS group (69.9% vs 33.3%, P<0.01), and no patient progressed to end stage renal failure after the follow-up for 8-125 months (median 55 months) and 6-274 months(median 57 months) respectively. Repeated renal biopsy in 7 patients (2 in NS group and 5 in non-NS group) after relapsing showed no histological transformation in the NS group, while all five patients in the non-NS group showed histological transformation (2 to class III, one to class IV,V and V+IV respectively). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the nephrotic “class II” LN is a podocyte disease which should be differentiated from the class II LN with mesangial proliferation. Further studies are needed to explore the pathogenesis of podocyte injury in SLE.