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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 341-345.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

急性百草枯中毒患者急性肾损伤的临床特征

  

  • 出版日期:2012-08-28 发布日期:2012-09-03

Clinical features of acute kindey injury in patients with acute paraquat poisoning

  • Online:2012-08-28 Published:2012-09-03

摘要:

摘 要   目的:急性百草枯中毒引起的急性肾损害(acute kidney injury, AKI)发病率较高,而相关研究大多限于动物实验,临床研究少,对百草枯中毒引起AKI认识不够。因此本研究分析百草枯中毒引起AKI的临床特征,进一步寻找发生AKI的危险因素,争取早发现、早治疗,改善预后。方法:回顾性分析我院从2009年1月~2011年12月收治的180例急性百草枯中毒患者全身及肾脏病变的症状体征、尿液改变、血液生化结果、肺部影像学特征及预后。结果:180例百草枯中毒患者中98例出现AKI,发病率54.4%。服毒量<15ml及≧15ml患者AKI发生率分别为13.6%、78.2%,30例(16.6%)出现少尿。98例AKI患者中86例(87.7%)出现蛋白尿和/或血尿,低分子蛋白尿、管型尿、糖尿、尿NAG升高发生率分别为84.6%、15.3%、41.8%、66.3%。4例肾脏病理表现以小球缺血性病变、小管间质纤维化为特征。180例患者总死亡率为54.5%,有AKI及无AKI死亡率分别为86.7%、15.8%。13例存活AKI患者随访30d,5例血清肌酐波动在123.8~247.5?mol/L,2例进展至ESRD,余肾功能正常。结论:百草枯中毒AKI发生率高达54.4%,同时累及肾小球及肾小管,小管间质损害为主;AKI是判断中毒患者病情轻重的指标;早期呕吐、百草枯服用量>15ml、服毒至洗胃时间间隔长、血液净化开始时间晚、低氧血症、C反应蛋白升高、外周血白细胞升高、血糖增高是发生AKI的危险因素。

关键词: 急性百草枯中毒, 急性肾损伤, 临床特征

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with paraquat poisoning, and further explore its risk factors, strive for the early diagnosis and early intervention, and to improve the prognosis. Methodology: One hundred and eighty cases with paraquat poisoning were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical features of paraquat poisoning patients with AKI, and further discuss its risk factors prone to AKI. Results: Among the all cases, 98 patients developed AKI, and the incidence of AKI was 54.4%. The incidence of AKI patients with dose of poisons intake ≥15ml and <15ml was 78.2% and 13.6% respectively. It was found oliguria in 30 cases (16.6%)and proteinuria and/or hematuria 86 cases (87.7%). In the AKI patients, hypomoleculouria, casturia, glucosuria, and elevated urinary NAG was observed in 84.6%, 15.3%, 41.8%, and 73.4%, respectively. The pathologic features of renal biopsy specimen showed ischemic reaction of glomerlar and tubularintistial fibrosis. The mortality rate of those patients was 54.5%, however, with and without AKI was 86.7% and 15.8%, respectively. After 30 days, only 13 cases with AKI were survival, azotemia was in 5 cases and ESRD in, 2 cases. Conclusion: There was a higher incidence (54.4%) of AKI in patients with PQ poisoning. The morbidity of these patients was significantly correlated with AKI (P<0.01). The risk factors to the pathogenesis of AKI were early vomiting, dose of taking poison>15ml, peripheral blood WBC elevated, CRP elevated, hypoxemia, hypotension, hyperglucose, time interval of gastric lavage deleted, time interval of blood purification deleted.

Key words: acute paraquat poisoning  , Acute kindey injury  , clinical features