ISSN 1006-298X      CN 32-1425/R

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 307-311.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

C3肾小球肾炎的临床表现及病理特征

  

  • 出版日期:2011-08-31 发布日期:2011-09-01

C3 glomerulonephritis: a clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases

  • Online:2011-08-31 Published:2011-09-01

摘要:

目的:分析17例C3肾小球肾炎的临床表现、病理特征和治疗反应,旨在提高对C3肾小球肾炎的认识。方法:回顾性分析经临床、肾脏病理(光镜、免疫病理和电镜)确诊的17例C3肾小球肾炎患者的临床病理资料及疗效。结果:(1)一般情况:17例患者男性11例,女性6例,平均年龄(34.1±19.1)岁(范围10~75岁),肾活检时病程1周~8年。多数患者起病前均无明确诱因,以浮肿、尿检异常为首发症状,3例伴肾外症状;临床表现为肾病综合征5例,尿检异常9例,急进性肾炎3例;(2) 临床表现:24小时尿蛋白定量平均(3.1±3.2g/d),17例中6例大量蛋白尿(>3.5 g/24h),尿蛋白定量波动在3.6-13.5g/d,镜下血尿11例,4例肉眼血尿病、高血压10例、血清肌酐升高4例、血浆白蛋白33.8g/L±6.1g/L。低补体C3血症11例(64.7%),贫血者7例。5例患者检测了C3肾炎因子、补体H因子及抗H因子抗体,其中1例C3肾炎因子阳性;(3)病理特点:17例患者免疫荧光检查均见补体C3弥漫、颗粒状沿肾小球毛细血管外周袢分布;光镜下12例表现为膜增生样病变,3例以系膜增生病变为特征;电镜超微结构下均可见到内皮下、系膜区电子致密物沉积,少数伴有少量上皮侧电子致密物沉积;5例患者有重复肾活检,其中4例诊断一致;(5) 随访治疗  5例重复肾活检的患者均接受过大剂量免疫抑制剂治疗,效果不佳。1例失访,16例患者随访4月-5年,1例完全缓解,6例部分缓解,6例病情稳定,1例无效,2例进入慢性肾功能不全阶段。结论:C3肾小球肾炎是新近认识的一种疾病,其临床表现缺乏特征性,免疫病理以C3沉积为主,电镜观察肾小球毛细血管袢内皮下电子致密物沉积。目前尚无有效治疗手段,其发病机制有待进一步深入研究。

关键词: C3肾小球肾炎, 病理诊断,  , 临床表现, C3肾病, C3肾炎因子

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of complement C3 (C3) glomerulonephropathy. Methodology: 17 Chinese patients diagnosed with C3 glomerulonephropathy by clinical and histopathological methods (light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy ) were enrolled. The clinical data and pathologic features of 17 patients were analyzed. Results: There were 11 males and 6 females with average age of 34.1±19.1 years (10~75) and renal history 1.3±1.2 years (1week~8 years). Most patients had no obvious predisposing causes. The initial symptoms were edema and proteinuria in most patients. Among which, 5 had nephritic syndrome and 3 had rapidly progressive glomerulonephropathy. Urinary analysis showed proteinuria of 3.1±3.2g/d with micro-hematuria (64.7%) ( including 5 gross hematuria).  Hypertension were found in 10 cases and elevated serum creatinine in 4. There were 11 patients with low complement C3 and 5 with anemia. C3 nephritic factor (C3NF) were carried out in 5 cases,only 1 patients were positive. Renal biopsy revealed membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 12 patients(70.6%)with endothelial and mesangial proliferative, some with thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Granular C3 were deposited along with GBM,but absence of substantial immunoglobulin by immunofluorescence (IF). Electron microscopy observation found the presence of subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits. There were 15 patients followed-up for 1 month to 5 years,2 was complete remission and 11 had partial remission with immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: C3 glomerulonephropathy was newly recognized in recent years. There was no significant  clinical features of  this disease. Immunofluorescence evidence showed C3 predominantly deposited within the GBM. Electron microscopy was valuable in the diagnosis. There was no effective treatment of C3 glomerulonephropathy. Further investigation of mechanism is needed.

Key words: C3 glomerulonephritis,  renal biopsy, , C3 nephritic factor, , pathology