关键词: 单细胞, 空间组学, 肾脏细胞, 精准医学

Abstract: The rapid advancement of single⁃cell and spatial omics technologies has unveiled the heterogeneity of renal cell populations and their molecular remodeling in disease states. Clinical studies based on renal biopsy specimens from patients have identified key molecular alterations and intercellular crosstalk among various renal cell types involved in immune inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue repair across different kidney diseases. These findings have driven the transition from traditional histopathological classification toward refined molecular subtyping. Although challenges remain in applying these technologies to clinical patient samples, the integration of multi⁃omics data and artificial intelligence holds great promise for precision diagnosis and targeted therapy of kidney diseases.