关键词: IgA 肾病, 生物标志物 , 诊断标志物 , 病情评估标志物

Abstract: IgA nephropathy （IgAN）is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis， with a highly variable prognosis among patients. A significant number of patients progress  to  chronic  renal  failure.  Early  diagnosis  and treatment are essential for improving outcomes. In clinical practice， the diagnosis and assessment of IgAN still rely on kidney biopsy specimens and traditional markers  such  as  proteinuria  and  serum  creatinine.  However，  these  conventional  biomarkers  are limited by  their  lag  in  predicting  disease  progression  at  an  early  stage.  Recent  studies  have  identified  several  novel biomarkers， providing more timely insights into disease mechanisms and progression. These include galactose-deficient IgA1
（Gd-IgA1），  abnormalities  in  the  complement  system，  inflammatory  markers，  non-coding  RNAs，  and  findings  from metabolomics. While these new  biomarkers  have  yet  to  be  applied  in  clinical  practice，  they  show  promise  for  diagnosing IgAN， predicting prognosis， elucidating disease mechanisms， and even providing crucial theoretical foundations for targeted therapies. This progress could advance the field of IgAN treatment substantially.

Key words: IgA nephropathy , biomarkers, diagnostic biomarke, disease assessment