Abstract:

Arteriovenous fistula dysfunction is a frequent and often unforeseeable complication in hemodialysis patients.The most common cause of vascular access dysfunction is venous outflow stenosis from neointimal hyperplasia and inward remodeling.There have been few effective treatments for vascular access dysfunction.because of the limited understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular access dysfunction.This review will describe the histopathologic features of hemodialysis access stenosis,and discuss the hemodynamic factors and molecular biology in the pathogenesis of vascular access dysfunction.

Key words: arteriovenous fistula, histopathology, hemodynamics, molecular biology