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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 312-318.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗原发性系统性淀粉样变性

  

  • 出版日期:2011-08-31 发布日期:2011-09-01

Efficiency and safety of autologous stem cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis

  • Online:2011-08-31 Published:2011-09-01

摘要:

目的:评价大剂量马法兰联合自体外周血干细胞移植(AHSCT)治疗原发性系统性淀粉样变性(简称AL淀粉样变性)的初步疗效及安全性。 方法:从2010年7月至2011年1月共有13例AL淀粉样变性患者在南京军区南京总医院全军肾脏病研究所接受AHSCT治疗,所有患者均经肾活检明确诊断。采用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员采集干细胞,采集成功后2~6周内接受干细胞移植治疗,预处理方案为大剂量马法兰,根据患者危险分层采用100 mg/m2、140 mg/m2和200mg/m2三种剂量。受累器官及疗效判断采用第10届国际淀粉样变性研讨会制订的标准。 结果:13例患者均以肾脏为首发表现就诊,通过肾活检明确诊断,肾组织λ轻链沉积11例,κ轻链沉积2例。受累器官1~3(仅评价肾脏、心脏、肝脏及神经系统等重要器官),患者均有肾脏受累,10例(76.9%)患者心脏受累,2例(15.4%)肝脏受累,1例(7.7%)外周神经受累。4例患者诊断后直接行AHSCT治疗,其余患者移植前均接受过不同方案的化疗。所有患者均成功采集干细胞,采集过程中的主要并发症为低钙血症、低钾血症及血小板减低。采集CD34+细胞数2.0~8.36×106/kg[平均(4.02±2.01)×106/kg]。所有患者造血均重建,粒缺期3~7d(中位时间4d),中性粒细胞植入时间9~13d(中位时间9d),血小板植入时间10~21d(中位时间13d)。移植过程主要并发症为恶心、呕吐(84.6%),黏膜炎(76.9%),粒缺期发热(53.8%),心律失常(53.8%),急性肾损伤(46.2%)及腹泻(30.8%)等,其他少见并发症有急性肝损伤、肝破裂出血、胸腔积液和败血症等。移植后100d内1例患者因肝破裂出血死亡,移植相关死亡率为7.7%。移植后随访4~10月,有8例(61.5%)患者取得了血液学反应,其中完全缓解5例(38.5%),部分缓解3例(23%)。7例(53.8%)患者取得了器官反应,其中3例为肾脏及心脏均起反应,4例为肾脏反应,其余患者器官无反应。 结论:对于严格选择的AL淀粉样变性患者,AHSCT治疗是一种有效的治疗手段,有较高的血液学及器官反应率。虽然各种移植相关并发症发生率较高,但致死性并发症少见,AHSCT是治疗AL的安全有效的手段,其远期疗效有待进一步观察。

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the short time efficiency and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in primary systemic amyloidosis (AL).  Methodology: A total of thirteen patients with biopsy-proven amyloidosis shown to be immunoglobulin light-chain type were enrolled on this study. The method of mobilization was granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone. The patients received AHSCT in 2~6 weeks after collection. The condition regimen was high dose melphalan, the dose adjusted to 100, 140 and 200mg/m2 according to patient strati?cation. The assessment of organ involvement and treatment response was according to the consensus opinion from the 10th international symposium on amyloid and amyloidosis.  Results: The primary clinical symptoms of these patients was nephritic syndrome. The clonal light chain subtype, classi?ed by immunohistochemical staining, was κ in 2 patients and λ in 11 patients. The involved organ number was 1~3 (2.0±0.58), which in the kidneys (100%), heart (76.9%), liver (15.4%), and peripheral nerves (7.7%). 4 patients were untreated before AHSCT, while others were received induction therapy. All patients were collected enough stem cells. The main complications of collections were hypocalcemia, hypopotassaemia and thrombocytopenia. The number of CD34+ cells was 2.0~8.36×106/kg [(4.02±2.01) ×106/kg]. All patients had successful engraftment, and achieved a granulocyte count of 500/L between day 9 and day 13(median 9d), and an untransfused platelet count of 20 000/L from day 10 to day 21(13.69±2.56). The major complications of peri-transplantation period were nausea/vomiting (84.6%), mucositis (76.9%), fever (53.8%), arrhythmia (53.8%), acute renal injury (46.2%) and diarrhea (30.8%). The uncommon complications were acute liver injury, hepatic rupture, pleural effusion, sepsis and so on. One patient died of transplant-related hepatic rupture at the day 21. The treatment related mortality was 7.7% in day 100. After follow up for 4~10 months, 8 patients achieved hematologic response, 5 had complete response and 3 had partial response. 7 patients achieved organ response, 3 cases had renal and heart response, and 4 had renal response only.  Conclusion: The AHSCT was an efficient and safe treatment for AL in selected patients, the hematologic and organ response rate was high. Though the complications of peri-transplantation were common, the fatal complication was rare. The long-term outcomes need future observation.

Key words: autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, primary systemic amyloidosis, , efficiency, complication