Abstract: Ureaplasma parvum is a type of mycoplasma and part of the human microbiota,and can be isolated from both female and male genital tracts. It is a rare pathogen in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Ureaplasma parvum cannot be detected by Gram staining or conventional peritoneal dialysis effluent cultures. It is resistant to the first-and second-line antibiotics commonly used for peritonitis. Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis and topoisomerase are the main treatment options. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can help promptly identify the pathogen, adjust treatment, and improve patient outcomes.

Key words: peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis, ureaplasma parvum, metagenomics next-generation sequencing