Abstract: Autoantibodies play a very important role in development of immune kidney diseases and organ transplant humoral rejection. Specific autoantibodies are often used not only as markers for diagnosis of related diseases, but also as targets for treatment. The antiangiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antibody (AT1R) is a new autoantibody that has been found to be closely associated with renal transplant humoral rejection, autoimmune diseases, systemic sclerosisassociated pulmonary arterial hypertension, and development of cardiovascular diseases in recent years. Its clinical significance in renal diseases other than renal transplantation is lacking in research. This article introduces production and risk factors of antiAT1R, possible pathogenic mechanisms, its application and treatment in transplant rejection and renal diseases, providing new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases.

Key words: anti-angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antibody, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy