Abstract: How to boost the longterm survival rate of transplants, ameliorate sideeffects of immunosuppressive drugs, reduce incidence of chronic rejection or infection is one of the challenges of organ transplantation. Immune status monitoring is one of the effective solutions with clinical application prospects. However, the immunological monitoring technology and indicators have not yet fully met the clinical needs, and a comprehensive evaluation usually needs to be combined with multiple indicators and clinical manifestations. This article will review the relationship between biomarkers of acute and chronic rejection, with a view to formulating an individualized immunosuppressive program.

Key words: immune status monitoring, biomarkers, organ transplant