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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 235-239.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

双重血浆置换治疗中血清致病抗体清除效率与疗效的关系

  

  • 出版日期:2014-06-28 发布日期:2014-07-02

Relationship of double filtration plasmapheresis on removing serum specific antibodies and its efficiency in patients with rapidly progressive nephritis

  • Online:2014-06-28 Published:2014-07-02

摘要:

目的:双重血浆置换疗法(DFPP)通过相对选择性清除血液中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)等大分子物质达到降低循环中IgG型致病抗体的目的。本文报道DFPP治疗后的一种现象:即致病抗体(本研究中主要包括抗GBM抗体和ANCA两种IgG型的自身抗体)浓度与IgG下降率存在较大差异,并分析其与临床的相关性。
方法: 28例确诊为ANCA相关性血管炎及20例确诊为抗肾小球基膜(GBM)肾炎的患者共48例接受DFPP治疗,其中男性24例,平均年龄分别为51.1±14.6岁和35.4±12.1岁,平均治疗次数为2.6±0.9次,28例患者接受至少3次DFPP治疗,治疗剂量为1.5-2.0倍血浆量,使用滤器为一级滤器MPS07或EC50W,二级滤器EC20W。分别记录前3次治疗前后血清中和废液中抗体的浓度(酶标法)和球蛋白IgG的浓度,比较治疗前后血清及废液中致病抗体浓度(RU/ml)及球蛋白IgG浓度(g/L)的比值的变化。分别记录两种疾病相关临床资料及随访情况。
结果:首次DFPP治疗致病抗体浓度下降率显著低于IgG(34.9±17.2% vs. 52.1±11.3%,p<0.01),其中GBM抗体及ANCA下降率无差异(37.4±19.4% vs. 34.0±16.0%,P>0.05)。治疗三次以上患者前三次致病抗体下降率(1:31.8±14.3%;2:36.5±18.5%;3:39.5±18.5%; P>0.05)无差异,各次IgG下降率亦无差异(1:50.3±11.1%;2:47.4±10.2%; 3:44.6±10.5%; P>0.05),但各次抗体下降率都显著低于IgG下降率。治疗后血清致病抗体/IgG比值显著高于治疗前(24.8±12.5 vs. 17.3±7.6,P<0.001),而废液中比值与治疗前血清比值相当(17.7±10.4 vs. 17.3±7.6,P<0.05)。前两次治疗后致病抗体的反弹率无明显差异(17.5±20.6% vs. 21.4±31.1%,P>0.05),IgG的反弹率亦无差别(60.6±39.6% vs. 48.9±24.4%,P>0.05),两次治疗后IgG反弹率都明显高于致病抗体反弹率(首次60.6±39.6% vs.17.5±20.6%;第二次48.9±24.4% vs. 21.4±31.1%,P<0.001)。抗GBM抗体相关性肾损害中抗体下降率低的患者血肌酐、抗GBM抗体滴度及少尿的发生率明显高于抗体下降率好的患者(p值分别为0.002,0.004和0.022)。
结论:DFPP治疗后致病抗体浓度及IgG水平变化率存在明显差异,不管是下降率还是反弹率;造成这种差异的原因可能并非由于DFPP清除造成的,因为废液中抗体/IgG比值与治疗前血液比值相当。抗体下降率的差异可能与抗GBM抗体相关肾损害患者的临床症状相关,与患者预后关系不明确。

关键词: 双重血浆置换疗法, 抗肾小球基底膜抗体, 抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体, 免疫球蛋白IgG

Abstract:

Abstract: Objective: Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was able to reduce special antibody of IgG class by removal of IgG in blood circulation. The aims of this study is to investigate the difference of descent rate between special antibody and IgG, and the ratio of antibody and IgG by DFPP. Methodlogy: Twenyy eight patients diagnosed as ANCA associated vasculitides and twenty patients as antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies nephritis were enrolled this study. They received average 2.6±0.9 sessions of DFPP, in which 28 patients finished their third therapy. Special antibody of anti-GBM and ANCA titer as well as immunoglobulin IgG were measured in blood sample before each DFPP therapy and waste plasma after therapy, calculating reduction ratio of special antibody and IgG after a single session of DFPP, and comparing the change in ratio of antibody and IgG in blood and waste plasma. The clinical features and outcomes after three mouths were also observed. Result: During each DFPP the reduction ratio of IgG was much higher than that of special antibody including anti-GBM and ANCA (34.9±17.2% vs. 52.1±11.3%, p<0.01), but that of two kinds antibody had no differendce (37.4±19.4% vs. 34.0±16.0%, P>0.05). The reduction ratio of each session also had no difference, no matter of antibody or IgG (31.8±14.3% vs 36.5±18.5% vs 39.5±18.5%; P>0.05 and 50.3±11.1% vs 47.4±10.2% vs 44.6±10.5%; P>0.05). The ratio of special antibody and IgG was much higher in blood sample after DFPP therapy than before (24.8±12.5 vs. 17.3±7.6,P<0.001), but the same with waste plasma (17.7±10.4 vs. 17.3±7.6,P<0.05). During the intervals of DFPP, IgG bounces much more than special antibody (the first interval 60.6±39.6% vs. 17.5±20.6%; the second interval 48.9±24.4% vs. 21.4±31.1%,P<0.001). Among patients with anti-GBM positive, serum creatinine, anti-GBM concentration and incidence of oliguria were much lower in the ones with better antibody descent rate (p=0.002,0.004 and 0.022). Conclusion: During sessions of DFPP, the change rates of pathogenic antibodies and IgG both of reduction and bounces showed a significant difference. The cause of this phenomenon should be elucidated in clinic studies.

Key words:  Double filtration plasmapheresis, Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies , Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, Immunoglobulin G