关键词: 血液透析, 导管相关性感染, , 致病菌

Abstract:

Objective：Vascular access for patients who require hemodialysis is a life-line, but infectious complications remain a major clinical problem. To discuss the incidence, risk factors of vascular access related infection in hemodialysis patients, and provide the preventive measures and countermeasures. Methodology：The vascular access infections among the total three hundred and seventy nine patients with maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated retrospectively in our dialysis unit. Results：The incidence of autogenous arteriovenous fistula is 1/312, and no infection among 3 cases with arteriovenous graft. The incidence of the long term catheter is 0.836 episodes, jugular vein catheter is 1.759 episodes and thigh vein catheter is 4.929 episodes per 1000 catheter days. As to the pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, accounted for 29.8%, followed by staphylococcus albus (24.6%), then pseudomonas cepacia (10.05%), E.coli (5.3%), and the other pathogens. Conclusion：The infection of fistula is very rare. Central venous catheter related infection is specific. Extubation is still the main measures to treat the infection, and the prevention and treatment should be individualized.