关键词: 老年医学, 心血管?肾脏?代谢综合征, 联合治疗, 药代动力学

Abstract: In today's society,which is gradually aging,the risk of chronic kidney disease significantly increases among the elderly population.Elderly patients with kidney disease often have comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes,forming a cardiovascular⁃kidney⁃metabolic syndrome.Current research evidence suggests that in the context of chronic kidney disease,combined therapy can achieve synergistic protection for the kidneys and heart by addressing metabolic,hemodynamic,pro⁃inflammatory,and pro⁃fibrotic mechanisms.This article reviews relevant literature and summarizes the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of action of four types of drugs:renin⁃angiotensin system inhibitors,sodium⁃glucose cotransporter2 inhibitors,non⁃steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists,and glucagon⁃like peptide⁃1 receptor agonists.The aim is to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment,to better address the complex comorbidities of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease,optimize treatment plans,and improve patient prognosis.