Abstract: Inherited kidney diseases account for end stage kidney diseases in up to 15% of adults and in 70% of pediatric patients, for which kidney transplantation is the preferred renal replacement therapy. The specific genetic pattern of inherited kidney diseases determines its potential risk and specific genetic susceptibility in kidney transplantation. With the development of genetic testing technology and the popularization of genomic analysis, genetic study is not only limited to clarifying the molecular diagnosis and analysis of the genetic basis of inherited kidney diseases. But also been applied to preoperative evaluation of kidney transplant recipients and living donors, prevention and treatment of postoperative complications after kidney transplantation, and long-term management of kidney transplantation. Therefore, we provide a brief review of the application of genetics in kidney transplantation involving monogenic kidney diseases.

Key words: genetics, kidney transplantation, inherited kidney disease, recipient, living donor