Abstract: Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ：To analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with primary glomerular disease and provide theoretical support for the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods.
Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙ：Fecal samples were collected from 20 patients with primary glomerular disease and 20 healthy controls. The structure and composition of gut microbiota in both groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ：There were no significant differences in age, gender, or BMI between the primary glomerular disease group and the control group. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the richness of gut microbiota was significantly different between the two groups, but the diversity of gut microbiota species did not show significant differences. Compared to the control group, the primary glomerular disease group showed a trend of decreased diversity of gut microbiota. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between the primary glomerular disease group and the control group. The abundance of Bacteroidetes in the primary glomerular disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.022), while the abundance of Firmicutes (P=0.043), Actinobacteria (P=0.020), and Chloroflexi (P=0.046) was significantly lower than that in the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Roseburia (P=0.005), Bifidobacterium (P=0.048), Anaerostipes (P=0.012), ［Eubacterium］_hallii_group (P=0.032), CAG-56 (P=0.006), Flavonifractor (P=0.028), Clostridioides (P=0.032), Paraclostridium (P=0.019), Phocea (P=0.014), and Gardnerella (P=0.030) was significantly lower in the primary glomerular disease group compared to the control group.
Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ：Compared to the control group, patients with primary glomerular disease have lower richness of gut microbiota and differences in the composition of gut microbiota, including several differentially abundant bacteria.

Key words: primary glomerular disease, gut microbiota