Abstract: With the continuous development of social economy, the incidence of diabetes mellitus is constantly increasing.In addition, diabetic patients are at higher risk of microvascular complications, which seriously affects their quality and expectancy of life.In experimental animal models of diabetes and early clinical trials in patients with diabetes, C-peptide supplementation has been found to have beneficial effects on diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy and kidney damage.Thus, improving our understanding on role of C-peptide in pathophysiology of microvascular complications has important implications for development of C-peptide based new therapies.In this review, mechanism of C-peptide and its effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy were reviewed.

Key words: C-peptide, microvascular complications, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy