Abstract: Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ：To observe therapeutic effect of roxadustat on renal anemia in patients with incident dialysis.Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙ：52 initial dialysis patients complicated with renal anemia were involved,who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 29,2019 to June 1,2020.There were 24 patients in observation group who were treated with roxadustat,28 patients in control group who were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO).Clinical data and biochemical indexes before and after treatment were analyzed.Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ：There were no significant differences in age,height,weight,hemoglobin,iron metabolism index,lipid metabolism index between  two groups (P>005).After 8 weeks of treatment,the average hemoglobin increase level of roxadustat group was 1595±2331 g/L,and that of the control group was 2003±2349 g/L,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.Serum iron,ferritin and transferrin saturation in roxadustat group were decreased,and the total iron binding capacity was increased (P<005).Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ：Roxadustat is as effective as rhEPO in treatment of renal anemia in initial dialysis patients.