Abstract: Dietary structure is one of the most important risk factors affecting chronic noncommunicable diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,hospitalization and death,with a progressive increase in its incidence. Intake different dietary nutrients and dietary patterns have different effects on CKD. Most of the studies shown that intakes more salt,animal protein,energydense but nutrientpoor sources of carbohydrate,saturated fatty acids,sugary beverages were associated with higher risk incidence and progress of CKD,while plant protein,rich in cereal fiber sources of carbohydrate,polyunsaturated fatty acids,dietary fiber,fruits and vegetables were inversely associated with the incidence and progression of CKD. In addition,adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet,mediterranean diet and vegetarian diet were inversely associated with the incidence and progression of CKD,while adherence to western diet and the traditional southern dietary pattern in China were associated with higher risk incidence and progress of CKD. Therefore,it needs further understanding and improvement to better select dietary nutrients intake and dietary patterns so that promoting kidney health and preventing CKD.