Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ：To assess the diagnostic efficiency of Doppler ultrasound on arteriovenous fistula(AVF)maturation.And to determine which Doppler ultrasound criteria is more suitable for clinical application.Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙ：Between May 2017 and May 2018,111 patients with first time radialcephalic AVF creation at wrist were enrolled in the study.Doppler ultrasound was performed before and at the 6th week after AVF creation.Primary patency rates were assessed in clinical matured AVF.And then correlation,intraobserver agreement and diagnostic test between the two different Doppler ultrasound criteria and clinical AVF maturation criteria were tested.ROC was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of  two Doppler ultrasound criteria.
Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ：Of the 111 enrolled patients,98 patients met clinical AVF maturation criteria at the 6th week after AVF creation.Primary patency rates of the 98 clinical matured AVF were 907％ and 713％ at 6 and 12 month,respectively.At the 6th week after AVF creation,there were significant differences on diameter of venous outflow track(046±008 cm vs 031±006 cm,P=0000)and brachial arterial blood flow volume(75847±25733  ml/min vs 36592±10735 ml/min,P=0000)between clinical matured group and immatured group.Either Doppler ultrasound criteria 1(inner diameter of the draining vein≥5mm and natural blood flow≥500 ml/min),or criteria 2 (inner diameter of draining vein≥4 mm and natural blood flow≥500 mL/min),had low correlation with clinical AVF maturation criteria.Compared with clinical AVF maturation criteria,the sensitivity,Youden index and kappa of ultrasound criteria 2 were better than that of criteria 1(6734％vs 4286％;0326 vs 0145,P<005).Furthermore,AUC of ultrasound criteria 2 was higher than that of criteria 1(0837 vs 0668,P=0023).Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ：Six weeks after AVF surgery,inner diameter of draining vein≥4 mm and natural blood flow≥500 ml/min should be more suitable for judging the maturation of AVF.