SHAO Fang,XIE Honglang. The cells which produced erythropoietin (EPO) in kidney is called renal EPOproducing cells (REPs). Insufficient production of EPO can cause renal anemia and anemia associated with chronic disease disorders. REPs transformed into scarforming myofibroblasts, resulting in renal fibrosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients the EPOproducing ability of myofibroblasttransformed REPs (MFREPs) is decreased. Recently studies on REPs made great progress and the research is expected to become the treatment of renal anemia and renal interstitial fibrosis new target.[J]. Chinese Journal of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, 2017, 26(5): 471-475.