Abstract: Critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CINM), characterized by primary axonal degeneration of motor nerve fibers and sensory nerve fibers, as well as skeletal muscle degeneration caused by denervation, has rarely been reported in the field of transplantation, and because its pathogenesis is unclear, it is easy to be ignored in clinical practice, which brings some difficulties in prevention and treatment. The highrisk factors, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of CINM in renal transplant recipient were reviewed.

Key words: critical illness polyneuromyopathy, kidney transplant recipient