Abstract: As a complex microecosystem,intestinal microenvironment plays an important role in a large group of diseases,such as obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,chronic kidney disease,and ulcerative colitis.Diet,drugs and diseases all affect the composition and function of intestinal epithelial cells and human microbiome,and regulate body metabolism and immune system both directly or indirectly,resulting in aggravation of systemic inflammation and basic diseases.Kidney is the most important organ of microvascular damage in diabetes.However,there remains an unmet need for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting at gut microenviroment to prevent,treat and reverse diabetic kidney disease.This review will focus on the influence of intestinal microenvironment on glucose metabolism and immunological function of host,summarize effect of diabetes on intestinal microenvironment and discuss current preclinical and clinical evidence of manipulating gut microenvironment to treat diabetes kidney disease,in order to provide ideas targeting at human microbiome for slowing progression of diabetic kidney disease by individualized treatment.

Key words: intestinal microenvironment, human microbiome, diabetic kidney disease