Abstract: RNA technology has made significant advancements in fields such as vaccine development and the therapeutic expression of missing proteins. It offers an efficient strategy for the expression or inhibition of specific genes. During the COVID-19 epidemic， RNA technology played a pivotal role in the development of vaccines against the virus. The process of RNA technology encompasses the synthesis of RNA and targeted delivery systems. The synthesized RNA undergoes sequence optimization and chemical modifications to mitigate its immunogenicity and enhance its stability， ensuring the desired therapeutic outcomes. Appropriate delivery systems are designed to facilitate efficient cellular uptake. The complexity of kidney organ structure pose challenges for targeted renal delivery. RNA technology offers new possibilities and directions for the treatment of renal diseases，further research is essential to optimize delivery strategies and ensure the safety and efficacy of its clinical applications.

Key words: RNA technology, kidney diseases, nanocarriers