Abstract:

About 30% to 50% patients with maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）have elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and IL-6. The presence of inflammation has been found to be associated with a high risk of mortality. The causes of inflammation are multifactorial which includes patient-related factors, such as oxidative stress, infections, obesity, and genetic or immunologic factors, or on the other side, HD-related factors, mainly depending on the membrane biocompatibility and dialysate quality. The adequate knowledge of these causes and their prevention or treatment if possible may contribute to improving the inflammatory state of patients who are on MHD and possibly their mortality.