Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important diseases endangering human health and an important risk factor of endstage renal disease (ESRD).Moreover,the number of  patients with ESRD increased significantly.The possible impact of more adverse factors on the risk of CKD remains to be clarified.Recent studies have suggested that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a marker of immune dysfunction and the cause of chronic diseases.In this paper,we reviewed the characteristics of CMV,the persistence and protective mechanism of CMV,CMVspecific T cells,CMV and diseases,especially renal diseases,in order to discover the pathogenesis of renal disease from a new perspective,explore its potential clinical application,and find new pathogenic factors and therapeutic targets for renal disease.