Abstract: The understanding of gut microboita constitution and its changes in kidney transplant recipients are of great significance in improving both shortterm and longterm kidney transplant prognosis. This review aims to elucidate the latest advances in gut microboita in kidney transplantation,including changes in gut microboita associated with transplantation,the interaction between gut microbiota and postoperative complications,and means to modulate the gut microboita through dietary adjustment,microecological agents and fecal microbial transplantation. Current research had proven gut dysbiosis in kidney transplant recipients,especially when there were complications. Improving the prognosis of kidney transplant recipients by modifying the gut microbiota is promising,but more largescale studies are needed to comfirm the clinical significance.