Abstract:

As kidney function declines, there is a progressive deterioration in mineral and bone homeostasis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with abnormal concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D metabolism, abnormal bone and extraskeletal calcification. The clinical syndrome is defined as CKDmineral and bone disorder (CKDMBD). Kidney transplantation improves CKDMBD greatly, but hypercalcemia is common in kidney transplant recipients. The studies report wide variation of prevalence. The prevalence of hypercalcemia is 15%～30% and 5%～10% within 1 year and 1 year after renal transplantation. The important causes for hypercalcemia are pretransplantation duration on dialysis and persistent posttransplant hyperparathyroidism. The spontaneous resolution of hypercalcemia may happen in the early posttransplant period. Chronic severe hypercalcemia may exacerbate heterotopic calcification, resulting in higher risks of the kidney injury, cardiovascular diseases and death. So, finding out the causes and therapeutic interventions is important for recipients to improve quality of life and longterm outcomes.