Abstract: Objective: To investigate the value of surface electromyography (sEMG) in assessing muscle thickness and functional improvement of the paravertebral muscles after comprehensive rehabilitation intervention in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methodology: A total of 122 HD patients admitted to Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital from February 2024 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a control group (conventional treatment, n=61) and an observation group (comprehensive rehabilitation intervention, n=61), with a 12⁃week intervention period. Paravertebral muscle thickness, sEMG resting and dynamic functional indexes (RMS, MAV, MF, MPF), physical function, exercise capacity, and nutritional metabolism indexes were compared before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, all indexes improved with the extension of intervention time in both groups (all P<0.05). The improvement of the above indexes in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group at 6 and 12 weeks, with significant time×group interaction effects (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive rehabilitation intervention can significantly improve the thickness and function of paravertebral muscles in HD patients. The sEMG technique can objectively reflect the improvement effect of the intervention program.

Key words: hemodialysis, surface electromyography, comprehensive rehabilitation intervention, paravertebral muscles